What is Epistaxis?

Epistaxis, also known as a nosebleed, happens when blood flows from the nose. Many people experience nosebleeds at some point. Although most nosebleeds are not serious, they can be scary. In fact, epistaxis is a common reason for emergency visits. Usually, nosebleeds stop on their own. However, some cases may need medical care. Understanding nosebleed causes and how to stop a nosebleed can help you stay calm and act quickly.

Common Causes of Epistaxis

There are many reasons why someone might get a nosebleed. Some causes are simple, while others may need a doctor’s attention. For example, dry air can make the inside of your nose crack and bleed. In addition, picking your nose or blowing it hard can cause bleeding. Sometimes, health conditions or medicines play a role.

Dry or cold weather

Picking or scratching the nose

Blowing the nose too hard

Injury to the nose

Allergies or infections

Use of blood-thinning medicines

High blood pressure

Rarely, bleeding disorders

Because many things can cause epistaxis, it is important to notice any patterns or triggers.

Recognizing Symptoms of Epistaxis

Most nosebleeds are easy to spot. Still, knowing the signs can help you act fast. Usually, blood comes from one nostril. Sometimes, it may flow from both. You might also taste blood in your mouth. If the bleeding is heavy, you may feel lightheaded or weak. Although rare, severe nosebleeds can cause trouble breathing or swallowing.

Blood dripping from the nose

Blood running down the throat

Feeling dizzy or faint

Difficulty breathing (in rare cases)

Because symptoms can vary, always watch for signs of heavy or repeated bleeding.

How Epistaxis is Diagnosed

Doctors usually diagnose epistaxis by asking about your symptoms and medical history. They may also look inside your nose to find the bleeding spot. Sometimes, they use a small light or a special tool. If nosebleeds happen often, your doctor may order blood tests. These tests check for bleeding problems or other health issues. In rare cases, imaging tests like X-rays help find deeper causes.

Since most nosebleeds are simple, diagnosis is often quick and easy.

Effective Treatments for Epistaxis

Most nosebleeds can be treated at home. However, knowing the right steps is important. If you want to know how to stop a nosebleed, follow these steps:

Sit up straight and lean forward slightly.

Pinch the soft part of your nose (just below the bridge).

Hold for 10 to 15 minutes without letting go.

Breathe through your mouth.

Apply a cold pack to your nose if needed.

Do not tilt your head back, as this can cause blood to go down your throat. If the bleeding does not stop after 20 minutes, seek medical help. Doctors may use special creams, pack the nose, or use heat (cautery) to stop the bleeding. In rare cases, surgery may be needed.

Tips for Preventing Nosebleeds

There are simple ways to lower your risk of epistaxis. Because dry air is a common cause, keeping your nose moist helps. In addition, gentle nose care can prevent injury. Try these tips for preventing nosebleeds:

Use a humidifier in dry rooms

Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly inside your nostrils

Avoid picking or blowing your nose hard

Keep fingernails short

Use saline nasal sprays to keep the nose moist

Wear protective gear during sports

Manage allergies with your doctor’s help

Because prevention is easier than treatment, these steps can make a big difference.

When to See a Doctor

Most nosebleeds are not dangerous. However, you should see a doctor if:

The bleeding lasts longer than 20 minutes

You have frequent nosebleeds

The bleeding is very heavy

You feel weak, dizzy, or faint

You are taking blood thinners or have a bleeding disorder

The nosebleed follows a serious injury

Because some nosebleeds signal a bigger problem, it is always better to be safe.

If you experience frequent or severe nosebleeds, consult our ENT specialist for personalized advice.